Reactive Dyes
Reactive dyes are water-soluble dyes that chemically react with fiber molecules, creating strong covalent bonds. This ensures vibrant, long-lasting colors with excellent wash and light fastness. These dyes are primarily used for cellulose fibers like cotton and rayon in textile industries around the world. Their performance depends on specific temperature, pH, and fixing conditions during dyeing and fixation.
| Property | Chemical Details | Application Info | Compatibility | Fastness | Standards & Storage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Product Type | Reactive Navy Blue BF | Bifunctional dye (VS + MCT based) | Cotton, Rayon, Linen | Wash: 4–5 Light: 6 |
Store in sealed containers Avoid humidity |
| Molecular Structure | C₃₅H₂₄ClN₇Na₄O₁₀S₄ | Stable under alkaline conditions | Cellulosic & viscose blends | Bleach Resistance: Moderate | Shelf Life: 24 months Dry, dark place |
| Fixation Type | Alkaline Fixation | Requires Soda Ash or NaOH | Highly reactive with OH- groups | Rubbing Fastness: 4 | REACH & OEKO-TEX Certified |
| Temp. Requirement | 60°C – 80°C | Ideal for exhaust dyeing | Compatible with soft flow process | Heat Stability: Good | Protect from direct sunlight |
| Application Segment | Textiles & Garments | Batch, Pad & Continuous Dyeing | Yarn, Fabric, Home Furnishings | Durability: High | Pack in moisture-proof bags |
| Solubility & Form | Fine Powder (water soluble) | Disperse in warm water (40–50°C) | No residue if stirred properly | Bath Stability: Excellent | No storage below 5°C |
| Product Name | Chemical Class | Dyeing Temp (°C) | pH Range | Fixation Method | Common Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reactive Red M8B | Mono-Chlorotriazine (Cold Brand) | 30 – 40 | 10.5 – 11.0 | Soda Ash | Cold dyeing of cotton, rayon |
| Reactive Blue RGB | Bifunctional (VS + MCT) | 60 – 80 | 10.0 – 11.5 | Caustic Soda + Glauber's Salt | Continuous dyeing, printing |
| Reactive Yellow HE6G | High Exhaust (HE Brand) | 80 – 90 | 10.5 – 11.0 | Salt + Alkali | Soft flow & batch dyeing |
| Reactive Black 5 | Vinyl Sulfone | 60 – 70 | 11.0 – 11.5 | Soda Ash | Towels, home textiles, yarn dyeing |
| Reactive Orange H2R | Hot Brand (MCT) | 80 – 90 | 10.0 – 11.0 | Salt + Soda Ash | Deep shades, apparel dyeing |
| Reactive Navy Blue BF | Bifunctional (VS + MCT) | 60 – 70 | 10.8 – 11.2 | Salt + Alkali | Denim, workwear, outerwear |
Reactive dyes are a specialized class of synthetic dyes widely used in textile processing due to their strong covalent bonding with cellulose-based fibers like cotton, linen, and viscose. These dyes offer exceptional wash fastness, brilliant color shades, and long-lasting performance. Their molecular structure often includes mono- or bifunctional reactive groups such as MCT or VS, which ensure high fixation rates and minimal wastage during dyeing.
From a chemical engineering standpoint, reactive dyes are formulated to maintain solubility in water while performing optimally within a defined temperature and pH range — typically between 30°C to 90°C and pH 10.5 to 11.5 using soda ash or caustic soda for fixation. Their application methods include exhaust, pad, and continuous dyeing processes. Due to their versatility, they are preferred in garments, home furnishings, and apparel export industries where consistent quality, color strength, and environmental compliance are critical.
Storage and handling of reactive dyes require a controlled environment — cool, dry, and ventilated — to preserve stability and extend shelf life up to two years. Most industrial-grade dyes also comply with global standards such as REACH and OEKO-TEX, making them suitable for eco-conscious production lines. Chemical engineers play a vital role in optimizing these dyeing processes, improving yield, reducing water and energy consumption, and ensuring the safety and sustainability of textile operations.
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